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Morphologie<\/strong>
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La morphologie \u00e9tudie les r\u00e8gles qui r\u00e9gissent la structure interne des mots, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire les r\u00e8gles de combinaison entre les morph\u00e8mes pour constituer des mots (r\u00e8gles de pr\u00e9fixation et de suffixation) et la description des formes divers que prennent ces mots (Dubois, Giacomo, Guespin, Marcellesi et Nevel, 1994). Le morph\u00e8me est une unit\u00e9 minimale porteurse de sens que l’on peut obtenir lors de la segmentation d’un mot.
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Exemple\u202f:<\/mark>Dans le mot menteur, on retrouve les deux morph\u00e8mes ment et eur.<\/td><\/tr>
Selon leur r\u00f4le dans le mot, on peut distinguer deux types de morph\u00e8mes, la racine et les affixes. Selon leur place dans le mot, les affixes qui se placent devant la racine s’appellent des pr\u00e9fixes et des affixes qui se placent derri\u00e8re la racine s’appellent des suffixes.

Le lexique du fran\u00e7ais est compos\u00e9 de mots aux structures internes vari\u00e9es qu’on peut regrouper en deux cat\u00e9gories : mots non construits et mots construits.
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Exemple\u202f:<\/mark>Dans le mot alourdir, on trouve la racine lourd, le pr\u00e9fixe a- et le suffixe – ir.<\/td><\/tr>
Mot non construit<\/strong>
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Le mot non construit est un mot qu’on ne peut segmenter sans en perdre le sens.<\/td>Exemple\u202f:<\/mark>Le mot mur est indivisible, car n’importe quelle segmentation de ce mot le rendrait incompr\u00e9hensible pour le locuteur francophone (ex. : m+ur).
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Mot construit<\/strong>
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Le mot construit est un mot qu\u2019on peut segmenter en plus d\u2019un \u00e9l\u00e9ment auxquels on peut attribuer un sens et qu\u2019on retrouve dans d\u2019autres mots du lexique fran\u00e7ais, soit en morph\u00e8mes.<\/td>Exemple\u202f:<\/mark>Le mot d\u00e9faire peut \u00eatre segment\u00e9 en d\u00e9+faire, deux \u00e9l\u00e9ments qui ont chacun leur sens et qu\u2019on retrouve dans d\u2019autres mots comme d\u00e9composer, d\u00e9raisonnable, ou refaire, parfaire.
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Proc\u00e9d\u00e9s de formation des mots<\/strong>
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En fran\u00e7ais, selon la combinaison des types de morph\u00e8mes, il existe trois proc\u00e9d\u00e9s de formation des mots : la flexion, la d\u00e9rivation et la composition.
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Flexion<\/strong>
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La flexion consiste \u00e0 combiner minimalement une racine et un suffixe flexionnel.
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Exemple\u202f:<\/mark>sacs, partirons, vertes<\/td><\/tr>
Toutefois, dans la langue, on retrouve des mots dont la structure refl\u00e8te la comninaison de plus d’un proc\u00e9d\u00e9.
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Exemple\u202f:<\/mark>g\u00e9ographiques, recompos\u00e9es, allers-retours<\/td><\/tr>
D\u00e9rivation<\/strong>
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La d\u00e9rivation consiste \u00e0 combiner minimalement une racine et un pr\u00e9fixe ou un suffixe d\u00e9rivationnel.
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Exemple\u202f:<\/mark>relire, peureux, enchantement<\/td><\/tr>
Composition<\/strong>
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La composition consiste \u00e0 combiner minimalement deux racines.<\/td>Exemple\u202f:<\/mark>portemanteau, garde-robe, g\u00e9ographe<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"advgb_blocks_editor_width":"","advgb_blocks_columns_visual_guide":""},"class_list":["post-8915","theoriques","type-theoriques","status-publish","hentry"],"featured_img":false,"coauthors":[],"author_meta":{"author_link":"https:\/\/alfaecm.uqam.ca\/author\/kathleen-whissell\/","display_name":"Kathleen Whissell"},"relative_dates":{"created":"Publi\u00e9 4 ans il y a","modified":"Mis \u00e0 jour 5 mois il y a"},"absolute_dates":{"created":"Publi\u00e9 le 29 juin 2021","modified":"Mise \u00e0 jour le 3 d\u00e9cembre 2024"},"absolute_dates_time":{"created":"Publi\u00e9 le 29 juin 2021 7:21 pm","modified":"Mise \u00e0 jour le 3 d\u00e9cembre 2024 12:17 am"},"featured_img_caption":"","tax_additional":[],"series_order":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/alfaecm.uqam.ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/theoriques\/8915","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/alfaecm.uqam.ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/theoriques"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/alfaecm.uqam.ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/theoriques"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alfaecm.uqam.ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alfaecm.uqam.ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8915"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/alfaecm.uqam.ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8915"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}